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卤素化合物
卤素化合物为金属元素阳离子与卤素元素（氟、氯、溴、碘、砹）阴离子相互化合的化合物。卤素化合物矿物种数约在120种左右，其中主要是氟化物和氯化物，而溴化物和碘化物则极为少见。
It is a compound of bromine, chlorine and metal halide. There are about 120 kinds of halogens, mainly fluorides and chlorides, while bromide and iodide are rare.
由于组成卤素化合物离子的性质和矿物结构中所存在的键型不同，所以各卤素化合物的物理性质也不尽相同（见下表）。另外，由于组成卤素化合物的阴离子半径（I－>Br－>Cl－>F－）不相同，显著影响着化合物形成时对阳离子的选择。其中氟离子半径最小，它主要与半径较小的阳离子Ca2+、Mg2+等组成稳定的化合物，并且大都不溶于水；而氯、溴、碘的离子半径较大，它们总是与半径较大的阳离子K+、Na+等形成易溶于水的化合物。在硬度上，氟化物的硬度一般比氯化物、溴化物、碘化物为高。其中氟镁石的硬度为5，是本大类矿物中最大的硬度。
The physical properties of halogen compounds are different due to the different properties of ions and bond types in mineral structures (see table below). In addition, the anionic radii of halogen compounds (I - > Br - > Cl - > F -) are different, which significantly affect the selection of cations in the formation of compounds. Among them, fluorine ion radius is the smallest, it mainly forms stable compounds with small radius cations such as Ca2 + and Mg2 +, and most of them are insoluble in water; while chlorine, bromine and iodine have larger ionic radius, they always form water-soluble compounds with larger radius cations such as K +, Na +. In terms of hardness, the hardness of fluoride is generally higher than that of chloride, bromide and iodide. Among them, the hardness of brucite is 5, which is the largest hardness in this group of minerals.
It is a compound of bromine, chlorine and metal halide. There are about 120 kinds of halogens, mainly fluorides and chlorides, while bromide and iodide are rare.
由于组成卤素化合物离子的性质和矿物结构中所存在的键型不同，所以各卤素化合物的物理性质也不尽相同（见下表）。另外，由于组成卤素化合物的阴离子半径（I－>Br－>Cl－>F－）不相同，显著影响着化合物形成时对阳离子的选择。其中氟离子半径最小，它主要与半径较小的阳离子Ca2+、Mg2+等组成稳定的化合物，并且大都不溶于水；而氯、溴、碘的离子半径较大，它们总是与半径较大的阳离子K+、Na+等形成易溶于水的化合物。在硬度上，氟化物的硬度一般比氯化物、溴化物、碘化物为高。其中氟镁石的硬度为5，是本大类矿物中最大的硬度。
The physical properties of halogen compounds are different due to the different properties of ions and bond types in mineral structures (see table below). In addition, the anionic radii of halogen compounds (I - > Br - > Cl - > F -) are different, which significantly affect the selection of cations in the formation of compounds. Among them, fluorine ion radius is the smallest, it mainly forms stable compounds with small radius cations such as Ca2 + and Mg2 +, and most of them are insoluble in water; while chlorine, bromine and iodine have larger ionic radius, they always form water-soluble compounds with larger radius cations such as K +, Na +. In terms of hardness, the hardness of fluoride is generally higher than that of chloride, bromide and iodide. Among them, the hardness of brucite is 5, which is the largest hardness in this group of minerals.
